Lesson 7: Function Overloading & Recursion Call Stack Architecture

🔄 Overloading & Recursive Call Stacks

C++ supports Function Overloading, allowing multiple functions to share the exact same name as long as their parameter lists (signatures) differ.

🌀 Understanding Recursion & Stack Frames

A Recursive Function is a function that calls itself to solve smaller subproblems until it reaches a Base Case.

Every recursive call creates a new Stack Frame on the CPU call stack storing local variables and return addresses.

💻 Code Example: Overloading & Factorial Recursion

⊞C++ Source Code (main.cpp)

#include <iostream>

// Overloaded Function 1: Integers

int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }

// Overloaded Function 2: Doubles

double add(double a, double b) { return a + b; }

// Recursive Function: Factorial (n!)

long long factorial(int n) {

if (n <= 1) return 1; // Base Case to prevent Stack Overflow!

return n * factorial(n - 1); // Recursive Call

}

int main() {

std::cout << "Int Add: " << add(5, 10) << std::endl;

std::cout << "Double Add: " << add(4.5, 3.2) << std::endl;

std::cout << "Factorial of 6: " << factorial(6) << std::endl;

return 0;

}

⊞Windows 11 Pro Terminal Execution OutputWindows 11 Pro Verified

⊞Administrator: Windows 11 Pro Command Prompt (g++ GCC 13.2.0)

—□✕

Microsoft Windows [Version 10.0.22631.3007] (Windows 11 Pro x86_64)

C:\Users\Student\CPP_Project>#include <iostream>

C:\Users\Student\CPP_Project> g++ -o main.exe main.cpp C:\Users\Student\CPP_Project> main.exe Hello World from C++ on Windows 11 Pro! [Process exited with code 0 in 0.001 seconds]

🛠️ Execution Output on ⊞ Windows 11 CMD:

⊞Command Execution Snippet

Int Add: 15

Double Add: 7.7

Factorial of 6: 720